Classification of Insects ((Module-iii) Order-Coleoptera, Hymenoptera, Neuroptera

Order – Coleoptera (Coleos = sheath, Pteron = wing) Beetles and weevils

Characters:

1. Two pairs of wing, fore wing thickened (hard & sclerotized) called elytra, hind wing membranous and protected by fore wing.

2. Both larvae and adult have biting and chewing type of mouth parts.

3. Metamorphosis complete.

4. Larvae of beetles are commonly known as grub.

Snout beetle (weevils) grubs are leg less (apodous). This order is divided into following two suborders

Suborder 1. Adephaga: 

Characters..

1. Beetles mostly predatory in habit, they feed on other, insects.

2. Antennae generally filiform.

3. Notopleural suture is present.

4. The Ist visible abdominal sternum is divided by the hind coxae and the posterior margin of this sternum does not extend completely across the abdomen. Followings are the important families –

Family 1. Cicindellidae: Example – Tiger beetle, Cicindella sexpunctata

Family 2. Carabidae

Examples 

1. Carabid beetle, Anthia sexguttata 

2. Carabid beetle, Chlaenius bioculatus

3. Carabid beetle, Calosoma indica


Suborder 2. Polyphaga: 


Characters:

1. The Ist visible abdominal sternum is not divided by the hind coxae and the posterior margin of this sternum extends completely across the abdomen.

2. Hind trochanters are small.

3. Notopleural suture is absent.

Followings are the important families –

Family 1. Dermestidae: Example – Khapra beetle, Trogoderma granarium

Family 2. Curculionidae: (curculioni = weevils or snout beetles)

Examples – 1. Rice weevil, Sitophilus oryzae 2. Gujhia weevil, Tanymecus indicus 3. Sweet potato weevil, Cylas formicarius

Family 3. Bruchidae: Example – Pulse beetle, Callosobruchus chinensis

Family 4. Chrysomelidae: 

Example - 

1. Red pumpkin beetle, Raphidopalpa foveicollis

2. Rice hispa, Decladispa armigera

3. Singhara beetle, Galerucella bermanica

Family 5. Tenebrionidae: Example – Rust red flour beetle, Triboliuam castaneuam

Family 6. Coccinellidae

Sub family – Coccinellinae: lady bird beetles

Example –   

1. Lady bird beetle, Coccinella septempunctata.

2. Lady bird beetle, Chilomenus sexmaculata

3. Lady bird beetle, Rodolia cardinalis

Family 7. Melolonthidae (Scarabaeidae)

Example – White grub, Holotrichia consanguinea

 

Order – Hymenoptera (Hymen = membranous, pteron = wing) Bees, wasp, sawflies and parasitic wasp.


 Characters:

1. Wings typically four, small and membranous, hind pair of wing smaller, wing venation highly specialized.

2. Mouth parts biting and chewing or chewing and lapping type.

3. Metamorphosis complete.

4. Abdomen of female usually provided with a saw or piercing organ or sting.

5. Larvae either caterpillar like or grub like or leg less. This order is divided into two suborders –

Suborder 1. Symphyta (Sawflies) 


Characters:

1. These insects are characterized by the abdomen being broadly joined to the thorax. with no marked constriction between the Ist and IInd abdominal segments.

2. Ovipositor adopted for sawing or boring but never a sting.

3. larvae (grubs) are caterpillar like which possess well developed thoracic and abdominal legs.

4. Prolegs without crockets. Order Phthiraptera ( Greek word Phthir = lice, aptera = without wing)

Suborder 2 - Anoplura: Common Name: Parasitic Lice / Biting Lice / Sucking Lice.

 Characters:

 Small, wingless insects that are parasitic on birds and mammals.

1. They are usually less than 10 millimetres in length.

2. Lice are short lived and usually host specific.

3. They are Small, flattened body

4. Wingless and colourless

 5. Short, stubby antennae

6. Legs with hooked tarsi adapted to gripping their hosts

7. Chewing or biting mouthparts (biting lice) or piercing and sucking mouthparts (sucking lice)

8. The nymphs resemble adults and have 3 instars before they reach sexual maturity.               

Family- 1. Himatopinidae Example - Himatopinus asini,

Family -2. Pediculidae Example - Pediculus humanus

 Characters:

  • A few species of lice have adapted to live and feed on humans, such as thev head louse Pediculus capitis, the eggs of which are commonly called nits and the body louse Pediculus humanus.
  • Most sucking lice species feed on the blood of the animals they live onv while biting lice usually feed on the feathers and skin of their hosts.
  • Haematopinus asini is a common louse found feeding on horsesv while Linognathus species are common parasites of domestic mammals


Order - Neuroptera (Greek word “neuron” = sinew and “ptera” = wings Net-winged insects, includes the lacewings, mantidflies, antlions, and snakeflies. 

Characters:

1. Head well-developed with ocelli, antennae,

2. Chewing or pinching mouthparts.

3. Three pairs of thoracic legs.

4. tarsi 1-segmented; claws paired.

5. Aquatic forms have thread-like gills on most abdominal segments.

6. Most of the insects are biological control agents of other insects and mites.


Family- Chrysopidae (green lacewings) Example- Chrysoperla carnea 

  • Large family Chrysopidae of the order Neuroptera.
  • Green lacewings are delicate insects with a wingspan of 6 to over 65 mm, though the largest forms are tropical.
  • Adults have tympanal organs at the forewings' base, enabling them to hear well.
  • Adults are crepuscular or nocturna

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