Phylum Arthropoda

 Arthropoda

👉Arthropods were first studied by Aristotle. It is the largest phylum in the animal kingdom. Von Siebold first coined the term Arthropoda.

👉It is derived from the Greek word Arthos means jointed and podas means legs. It is the largest Phylum of animal Kingdom. At least 80 percent of all known species of animals are arthropods.


General characters of Arthropoda

👉Arthropodas are found in aquatic, terrestrial and aerial forms. Some are ecto-parasitic and vectors of disease.

👉Arthropodas body have jointed appendages or legs (which are modified to different structures to perform different functions like jaws, gills, walking legs, paddle). There may be 3 pairs, 4 pairs, 5 pairs, many pairs. Body is triploblastic, Bilaterally symmetrical. 

👉 Body is divisible into 3 parts tat is head, thorax and abdomen. NOTE: In some Arthropodas body is divisible into cephalothorax  and abdomen. (head and thorax is fused is called cephalothorax)

👉 have  true head, which contains sense organs and feeding organs specialized for their particular habitats.

👉Body is covered with chitinous exoskeleton. They are haemocoelomate. Coelom Ex. body cavity is filled with blood or fluid.

👉Head have a pair of compound eyes and antenna and Locomotion takes place by jointed appendages.

👉 Digestive system is complete, and well developed. The mouth bears mouth parts for ingestion of foods. Mouths are modified for chewing, biting, sponging, piercing, siphoning type.

👉 Respiration are carried out  by general body surface or gills (in Crustaceans) or trachea.

👉 Circulatory system which is found in arthopodas is open type means do not have blood vessels and enters directly into the body chambers. The blood is colorless.

👉 Excretion takes place by  Malphigian tubules (in terrestrial form) or green glands or coxal glands (in aquatic forms). Aquatic forms are ammonotelic and terrestrial forms are uricotelic.

👉 Nervous system is of annelidian type, which consists of brain and ventral nerve cord. they are Unisexual means sexes are separate.

👉Fertilization is internal or external. They are either oviparous or ovoviviparous. Development may be direct or indirect.

👉Sensory organs include antennae, sensory hairs for touch and chemoreceptor, simple and compound eyes, auditory organs (in insects) and statocysts (in crustacean).

Phylum Arthropoda is divided in the following classes.

👉Onychophora: 

Peripatus

They are terrestrial in habit, Body not divided into distinct regions, One pair of antennae are found, many pair of unjointed legs, Breathing are done by the trachea Ex. Peripatus.

👉Arachnida: 

Scorpion

The Body is divided into cephalothoraxes (Persoma) and abdomen (opesthosoma), Prosomatic appendages are one pair of chelicerae,

One pair of pedipalpi, Four pairs of walking legs, True jaws are absent, Terrestrial or aquatic in habit Ex. Scorpion, spiders, ticks & mites.

👉Crustacea:

Crab

 They are Aquatic in habit, Body is divides into cephalothoraxes and abdomen. Two pairs of antennal and five pairs of walking legs are found  Breathing through gills. Example – Crab, Prawns.

👉Chilopoda: 

Centipede

They are terrestrial in habit and the Body is divided into head and trunk region, the Head have found one pair of antennal, one pair of mandible and two pairs of maxillae. Each trunk segment with one pair of legs. The 1st pair of leg is modified into poison claw Ex. Centipede (Scolopendra)

👉Diplopoda: 

Millipede

Terrestrial in habit, body divided in to head thorax and abdomen, Body elongated, cylindrical and vermiform, Head are five segmented and bears one pairs of antennal, one pair of mandible and a long maxillae. Thorax four segmented and each segment with one pair of walking legs.

Each abdominal segment carries two pairs of walking legs, Breathing through trachea. Example – Millipede (Julus).

👉Insecta or Hexapoda: Terrestrial or aquatic in habit, Body divided into head thorax and abdomen, Head carries one pair of antennal, one pair of mandible and one pair of maxillae.

Thorax three segmented (Pro, meso and metathorax), Each segment carries one pair of legs and meso and meta thorax also carry one or two pairs of wings, Breathing through trachea Example – Grasshoppers, locusts, crickets, termites, moths, Butterflies, beetles, plants bugs etc



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